1 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com parameter symbol limit unit power supply voltage vdd 7.0 v input voltage vin vss - 0.3 to vdd + 0. 3 v output voltage vout vss - 0.3 to vdd + 0. 3 v output circuit continuous sec. power dissipation pd 300 (sot-25) mw 15 0 ((sc-70-5)(sot-353)) operating temperature top - 4 0 to + 85 c storage temperature tstg - 55 to + 125 c elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier elm822xa is low power cmos op-amp with low current consumption-typ.1.5 a provided with input common mode voltage range and push-pull output stage. elm822xa makes it easy to design power circuits and is able to operate from single +1.2v power supply. elm822xa is suitable for application such as portable devices which require low power and single source. ? operation from a single power source ? low voltage operation : 1.2v vdd 6.0v ? low current consumption : typ. 1. 5 a ? c ommon-mode input voltage range : vss to vdd - 0.3v(vdd =1.5v) : vss to vdd - 0.1v(vdd =3.0v) ? output stage : push-pull ? unity gain bandwidth : typ. 15 khz ? package : sot - 25, sc-70-5(sot-353) ? battery-operated p ortable devices ? micropower signal process ? low voltage analog circuit elm822 xa - x symbol a package b: sot-25 c: s c-70-5(sot-353) b product version a c taping d irection s, n: refer to pkg file elm822 x a - x a b c g e neral description f eatures applica tion maximum a bsolute ratings selection guide 1 2 3 5 4 - + pin no. pin name 1 out 2 v dd 3 in + 4 in - 5 v ss elm822xa s tandard circuit pin configuration
2 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com parameter symbol condition min. typ. max. unit input offset voltage vio v cm =vdd /2, unity gain follower 6 mv input bias current iib 1.0 na common-mode input voltage range vcmr for cmrr 4 5db 0.00 1.20 v maximum output voltage swing vouts h vid = 100mv, rl = 1 0k to vss 1.40 v minimum output voltage swing vouts l vid = 100mv, rl = 1 0k to v dd 0.10 v source current isource vout=1.2v, vid=100mv 0.4 1.0 ma sink current isink vout=0.3v, vid=100mv 1.0 2.5 ma large-signal voltage gain avd rl = 1 00k to vss, vcm=0.75v 9 5 db common-mode rejection ratio c mrr rl = 1 00k to vss, vcm=0.75v 85 db supply voltage rejection ratio p srr rl = 1 00k to vss, v cm =0.75v 9 5 db current consumption iss v cm =vdd /2, unity gain follower 1.5 3.8 a short current ishortp vout to vss shrot, vid=100mv 1.4 ma ishortn vout to vdd shrot, vid=100mv 4.0 ma unity gain bandwidth gbw 15 k hz slew rate sr rl = 1 00k , cl = 20pf 7.0 14.0 mv/ s electrical characteristics vss = 0v, top = 25 c vss = 0v, top = 25 c v dd = 1.5 v v dd = 3 . 0 v elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier parameter symbol condition min. typ. max. unit input offset voltage vio v cm =vdd /2, unity gain follower 6 mv input bias current iib 1.0 na common-mode input voltage range vcmr for cmrr 4 5db 0.00 2.90 v maximum output voltage swing vouts h vid = 100mv, rl = 1 0k to vss 2 .90 v minimum output voltage swing vouts l vid = 100mv, rl = 1 0k to v dd 0.10 v source current isource vout=2.7v, vid=100mv 1.5 4 .0 ma sink current isink vout=0.3v, vid=100mv 3 .0 7 .5 ma large-signal voltage gain avd rl = 1 00k to vss, vcm=1.5v 100 db common-mode rejection ratio c mrr rl = 1 00k to vss, vcm=1.5v 90 db supply voltage rejection ratio p srr rl = 1 00k to vss, v cm =1.5v 100 db current consumption iss v cm =vdd /2, unity gain follower 1.5 3.8 a short current ishortp vout to vss shrot, vid=100mv 14 ma ishortn vout to vdd shrot, vid=100mv 25 ma unity gain bandwidth gbw 15 k hz slew rate sr rl = 1 00k , cl = 20pf 7.5 14.5 mv/ s parameter symbol condition min. typ. max. unit operating voltage vdd 1.2 6.0 v vss = 0v, top =- 40~+85 c
3 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com marking symbol mark content a, b 5 a elm822ba (sot-25) > 0 elm822ca (sc-70-5) c 0 to 9 and a to z (i, o, x ex cepted .) lot no. d 0 to 9 and a to z (i, o, x ex cepted .) lot no. sot - 25 elm822 xa common mode input voltage range is fixed under the condition of cmrr4 5db; elm822xa is able to accept the input above its specification if the degradation of cmrr is not considered. even if the input voltage exceeds either positive or negative power voltage, troubles such as reverse of output will not occur. as maximum absolute rating, the input voltage is possible within (vss -0.3)v to (vdd +0.3)v . 1) common mode input voltage range n ote when op-amp circuit is used with feedback resistor, oscillation may happen i n the circuit with loop-gain like unity gain follower. a) when large feedback resistance is used, the phase margin is decreased by its combination with the parasitic capacitance o f the input part of op-amp. in this situation, please connect small capacitor in parallel with feedback resistor as shown in fig -1 . b) f or capacitive load, external resistor in series connection will be effective as shown in fig -2. ( rl = 300 to 500 ) c) being used as an unity gain follow, elm822xa is able to drive capacitive load of 100pf directly without oscillation. 2) operation from single power source elm822x a is designed to be most suitable for single power source; therefore, elm822xa is able to share power supply with logic circuit one. meanwhile, elm822xa can also operate from double power sources. to protect power supplies of elm822xa and logic circuit from noise, please separate wire from power supply and use decouplin g (bypass ) c apacitor. using the capacitor can improve psrr characteristics, especially on 10khz to 100khz or more. 3) feedback a ) fig -1 b ) fig - 2 elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier s c -70- 5
4 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com typical c haracteristics 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? iss-vdd vdd (v) iss ( ? a) top=-40 ? unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, no load -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v iss-top top ( ? ) iss ( ? a) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, no load vdd=3.0v 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? iss-vcm vcm (v) iss ( ? a) top=-40 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, no load -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 offset voltage distribution offset voltage (mv) percent (%) unity gain, vdd=3.0v, vcm=1.5v, no load, t op=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v avd-frequency frequency (khz) avd (db) vdd=1.2v vdd=3.0v vcm=vdd/2, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 top=+85 ? avd-frequency frequency (khz) avd (db) top=-40 ? top=+25 ? vdd=3.0v, vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? iss-vdd vdd (v) iss ( ? a) top=-40 ? unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, no load -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v iss-top top ( ? ) iss ( ? a) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, no load vdd=3.0v 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? iss-vcm vcm (v) iss ( ? a) top=-40 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, no load -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 offset voltage distribution offset voltage (mv) percent (%) unity gain, vdd=3.0v, vcm=1.5v, no load, t op=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v avd-frequency frequency (khz) avd (db) vdd=1.2v vdd=3.0v vcm=vdd/2, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 top=+85 ? avd-frequency frequency (khz) avd (db) top=-40 ? top=+25 ? vdd=3.0v, vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load
5 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v cmrr-frequency frequency (khz) cmrr (db) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, vdd=3.0v 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? cmrr-frequency frequency (khz) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load top=+85 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=1.2v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=1.5v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=3.0v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=6.0v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v cmrr-frequency frequency (khz) cmrr (db) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, vdd=3.0v 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? cmrr-frequency frequency (khz) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load top=+85 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=1.2v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=1.5v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=3.0v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? cmrr-vcm [vdd=6.0v] vcm (v) cmrr (db) top=-40 ? frequency=1hz, unity gain, 100k ??? load
6 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v psrr-frequency frequency (khz) psrr (db) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, vdd=3.0v 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? psrr-frequency frequency (khz) psrr (db) top=-40 ? vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load top=+85 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 rising edge (top=-40 ? ) falling edge (top=+85 ? ) sr-vdd vdd (v) sr (mv/ ? s) falling edge (top=-40 ? ) unity gain, 100k ??? load rising edge (top=+85 ? ) rising edge (top=+25 ? ) falling edge (top=+25 ? ) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 falling edge sr-top top ( ? ) sr (mv/ ? s) vdd=3.0v, unity gain, 100k ??? load rising edge 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=1.2v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=1.5v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 vdd=1.5v vdd=6.0v psrr-frequency frequency (khz) psrr (db) vdd=1.2v unity gain, vcm=vdd/2, vdd=3.0v 100k ??? load, top=25 ? 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? psrr-frequency frequency (khz) psrr (db) top=-40 ? vcm=1.5v, 100k ??? load top=+85 ? unity gain, vdd=3.0v, 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 rising edge (top=-40 ? ) falling edge (top=+85 ? ) sr-vdd vdd (v) sr (mv/ ? s) falling edge (top=-40 ? ) unity gain, 100k ??? load rising edge (top=+85 ? ) rising edge (top=+25 ? ) falling edge (top=+25 ? ) -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 falling edge sr-top top ( ? ) sr (mv/ ? s) vdd=3.0v, unity gain, 100k ??? load rising edge 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=1.2v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=1.5v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv
7 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=3.0v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=6.0v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=1.2v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=1.5v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=3.0v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=6.0v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=3.0v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isource-vout [vdd=6.0v] vout (v) isource (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=1.2v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=1.5v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=3.0v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? isink-vout [vdd=6.0v] vout (v) isink (ma) top=-40 ? vid=100mv
8 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? short circuit current-vdd vdd (v) short circuit current (ma) top=-40 ? vout to vss short, vid=100mv 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? short circuit current-vdd vdd (v) short circuit current (ma) top=-40 ? vout to vdd short, vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=1.2v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=1.5v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=3.0v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=6.0v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? short circuit current-vdd vdd (v) short circuit current (ma) top=-40 ? vout to vss short, vid=100mv 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 top=+25 ? top=+85 ? short circuit current-vdd vdd (v) short circuit current (ma) top=-40 ? vout to vdd short, vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=1.2v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=1.5v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=3.0v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 top=+25 ? maximum vout-rl [vdd=6.0v] rl ( ?? maximum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vout and vss. top=+85 ? vid=100mv
9 9 - r ev.1. 0 http://www.elm-tech.com elm822x a 1.5 a cmos operational amplifier 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=1.2v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=1.5v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=3.0v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=6.0v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 vin pulse response [vdd=1.5v] time ( ? s) vin (v) vout unity gain, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? vout (v) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 vin pulse response [vdd=3.0v] time ( ? s) vin (v) vout unity gain, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? vout (v) 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=1.2v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=1.5v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=3.0v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 top=+25 ? minimum vout-rl [vdd=6.0v] rl ( ?? minimum vout (v) top=-40 ? rl is connected between vdd and vout. top=+85 ? vid=100mv 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 vin pulse response [vdd=1.5v] time ( ? s) vin (v) vout unity gain, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? vout (v) 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 vin pulse response [vdd=3.0v] time ( ? s) vin (v) vout unity gain, 100k ??? load, top=25 ? vout (v)
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